- A series of plans designed to increase industry and output
- BAsed on a quota system
- Economic planning was now forced
- Command Economy - set targets for production
- First was 1928-1933 - agricultural changes (collectivization)
- Main focus on Heavy industry
- Second was 1933-1937
- Too severe and changed in 1934
- Many Party officials revolted against this and nominated a successor to Stalin
- Stalin had him shot (Beginning of the Great Purges)